Vocabulary
開けるあけるOpen something; the door opening by itself is 開く (あく)開ける・開くあける・あく開ける = abrir (を); 開く = abrirse (が); 開いている = está abierto兄あにOlder brother (own); お兄さん for others' or in address案内するあんないするShow someone around or to a place: 人に場所を案内する朝あさMorning as a time of day; ‘mañana’ but not tomorrow明日あしたTomorrow; the ‘mañana’ that is a day, never a morning遊ぶあそぶTo hang out or play; not for sports or instruments新しい・古いあたらしい・ふるいNew and old, for things only, never for a person’s age暑い・寒いあつい・さむいHot and cold weather; the adjective alone, no hacer/tener集めるあつめるTo collect, gather or bring together (transitive)会うあうTo meet someone; the person takes に or と, never を場合ばあいCase, situation便利べんりHandy, practical; not conveniente or convenable病院びょういんHospital or clinic; mind the vowel length vs 美容院小さいちいさいSmall近い・遠いちかい・とおいNear and far; the reference point takes に or から, not の出す・出るだす・でる出す = sacar/enviar (を); 出る = salir, takes を for place left電車でんしゃTrain, the everyday electric train you ride to work電話でんわPhone and phone call; 電話する takes に for the person出るでるGo out, leave a place, appear, attend, answer the phone駅えきTrain or subway station, the hub of Japanese city life選ぶえらぶTo choose; the pick takes を, the pool takes から増えるふえるTo increase (intransitive)複雑ふくざつComplicated; 複雑な気持ち = mixed feelings; not 面倒学校がっこうSchool学生がくせいStudent, mainly university; school pupils are 生徒元気げんきWell, healthy, lively; the word in お元気ですか銀行ぎんこうBank, the money kind; never a bench or a river bank始める・始まるはじめる・はじまる始める = empezar algo (を); 始まる = algo empieza (が)運ぶはこぶTo carry or transport things; object を, goal に or まで話すはなすTo speak, to talk払うはらうTo pay; the fee takes を, the payee に, the means で走るはしるTo run; godan despite -iru; the route takes を働くはたらくTo work at a job; the workplace takes で, not に早い・遅いはやい・おそいEarly and late; 遅い is also slow, 早い is time not speed恥ずかしいはずかしいEmbarrassed and embarrassing in one word; the feeler is は減るへるTo decrease (intransitive)部屋へやRoom, and the apartment you rent; read へや人ひとPerson, people; ひと alone, じん/にん in compounds必要ひつようNecessary; necesito X = Xが必要だ, with が not をほとんどほとんどAlmost all / hardly (with negative); not 'casi' near-missいい・悪いいい・わるいGood and bad; いい conjugates on よ: よくない・よかった意見いけんOpinion: 意見を言う, 意見が合う; 意見する means to admonish行くいくTo go入れるいれるPut something in; also switch on, and make tea or coffee入れる・入るいれる・はいる入れる = meter (を, ichidan); 入る = はいる, entrar (に, godan)急ぐいそぐTo hurryいつもいつもAlways, usually; いつもの means ‘the usual’上手じょうずGood at something; used to praise others, not yourself準備するじゅんびするPrepare / get ready: ～を準備する or ～の準備をする帰るかえるTo go home; godan despite its -eru ending会議かいぎFormal work meeting: 会議に出る, 会議中; casual is 打ち合わせ会社員かいしゃいんCompany employee; the neutral self-introduction job書くかくTo write; く-verb whose て-form is 書いて必ずかならずWithout fail; obligations and guarantees; 必ずしも…ない考えるかんがえるTo think something over, consider or work out関係かんけいRelationship, connection借りるかりるBorrow or rent; the lender uses 貸す, the borrower 借りる買うかうTo buy通うかようGo somewhere regularly; the destination takes に家族かぞくFamily (own); ご家族 for someone else's; no plural経験けいけんExperience消す・消えるけす・きえる消す (けす) = apagar/borrar; 消える (きえる) = apagarse, desaparecer厳しいきびしいStrict or harsh; the target takes に; also a soft no気分きぶんMood, feeling聞くきくTo listen; to ask決めるきめるTo decide, settle or fix something (transitive)決める・決まるきめる・きまる決める = decidir (を); 決まる = quedar decidido (が), not passive昨日きのうYesterday; the predicate must go into the past嫌いきらいDisliked, hated; a な-adjective despite the いきれいきれいPretty or clean; a な-adjective despite the い規則きそくWritten rules: 規則を守る/破る; regla the ruler is 定規きっときっとSurely (confident guess); pairs with でしょう・と思う壊す・壊れるこわす・こわれる壊す = romper (を); 壊れる = romperse (が); 壊れている = está roto比べるくらべるTo compare; ～に比べて = compared with来るくるCome toward the speaker; irregular: 来ます・来て・来ない去年きょねんLast year; 去 not 先, unlike 先週 and 先月今日きょうToday; a relative time word that never takes に急にきゅうにSuddenly; 急な = sudden/steep, 急いで = in a hurry給料きゅうりょうSalary: 給料が高い/安い, 給料日 payday; サラリー is not used alone毎日まいにちEvery day; 毎 + unit, with reading shifts待つまつTo wait for; the awaited takes を, not に迷うまようTo get lost (道に) or waver between options (〜か〜か)珍しいめずらしいRare or unusual, neutral in tone; not raro = weird見るみるTo see, to watch店みせShop or store, and the endings that name shop types持つもつTo hold or carry; 持っている is the tener of things無理むりImpossible or too much; 無理しないで = don’t overdo it難しい・易しいむずかしい・やさしいDifficult and easy; 易しい sounds like 優しい (kind)直すなおすTo repair or correct; transitive partner of 直る習うならうLearn from a teacher: 先生に〜を習う; not 勉強する慣れるなれるTo get used to something (takes に)なるべくなるべくAs far as possible; softens requests, not an intensifier寝るねるGo to bed, sleep or lie down: one verb covers all three飲むのむTo drink; to take (medicine)覚えるおぼえるTo memorise, learn by heart; 覚えている = rememberおいしいおいしいDelicious; past is おいしかった, never おいしいでした起きるおきるGet up or wake up; also ‘happen’ for accidents and events遅れるおくれるTo be late面白いおもしろいInteresting and funny in one word; opposite つまらない大きいおおきいBig, large教えるおしえるTeach, and ‘tell me’: 教えて is the everyday ‘let me know’落とす・落ちるおとす・おちる落とす = dejar caer (を), godan; 落ちる = caerse (が), ichidan泳ぐおよぐTo swim; ぐ-verb with voiced て-form 泳いで来月らいげつNext month; the 先・今・来 prefix series連絡するれんらくするGet in touch with someone: 人に連絡する (never を)練習するれんしゅうするPractise a skill to improve: ～を練習する利用するりようするMake use of a service or facility: ～を利用する理由りゆうReason (why): 理由を聞く, 〜という理由で; tener razón ≠ 理由両親りょうしんParents = mother and father only, not relatives寂しいさびしいLonely; how to say te echo de menos with no verb探すさがすTo look for; the target takes を, the place takes で財布さいふWallet: the money holder only, not a bag or briefcase参加するさんかするTake part in an event: ～に参加する (never を)先生せんせいTeacher, and a title for doctors, lawyers, experts説明せつめいExplanation閉める・閉まるしめる・しまる閉める = cerrar (を); 閉まる = cerrarse (が); 閉まっている = está cerrado心配するしんぱいするWorry: ～を心配する (verb) or ～が心配だ (na-adjective)調べるしらべるTo look up, to investigate静かしずかQuiet, peaceful; 静かに = quietly, be quiet趣味しゅみHobby, and also taste: 趣味は〜ことです, 趣味がいい/悪い出発するしゅっぱつするSet off on a journey: 場所を出発する, 時間に出発する習慣しゅうかんHabit or custom; homophone of 週間 (week); quirks are 癖育てるそだてるTo raise children, grow plants, develop peopleそろそろそろそろIt's about time to; polite cue to leave; not もうすぐ相談するそうだんするAsk someone for advice: 人に／と～を相談する好きすきLiked, fond of; the thing you like takes がするするDo; the irregular verb behind 勉強する, テニスをする, 〜にする捨てるすてるTo throw away, discard or abandon正しいただしいCorrect or right; not derecho, not tienes razón高いたかいHigh; tall; expensive頼むたのむTo ask a favour or order; person に, thing を楽しいたのしいFun, enjoyable; the experience, not a funny person丁寧ていねいPolite or careful; 丁寧に = con esmero; 丁寧語 = です/ます時々ときどきSometimes; rendaku voices the repeated とき特にとくにEspecially; 特に…ない = nothing in particular止める・止まるとめる・とまる止める = parar algo (を), also park; 止まる = pararse (が)友達ともだちFriend(s); no gender or plural, 会う takes に都合つごうWhether a time suits you: 都合がいい/悪い; not 便利作るつくるTo make or cook; hacer = 作る only when something results伝えるつたえるTo convey, pass on a message, tell someone続けるつづけるTo continue or keep doing something (transitive)忘れるわすれるForget, or leave something behind; plain transitive with を約束やくそくPromise or arrangement with a person; bookings are 予約優しいやさしいKind, gentle; 〜に優しい; not 易しい, which is easy安いやすいCheap, neutral; opposite of 高い for prices onlyやっとやっとFinally, at last: relief after effort; also 'barely'読むよむTo read; む-verb whose て-form is 読んで予定よていPlan, schedule用事ようじSomething to do, an errand: 用事がある is the polite excuse予約するよやくするBook a table, room, ticket or appointment: ～を予約する有名ゆうめいFamous; ‘famous for’ takes で全然ぜんぜんNot at all: needs a negative; 全然大丈夫 is casualずっとずっとAll along, continuously; 'much more' in comparisons