電車
でんしゃ
Train, the everyday electric train you ride to work
Usage
電車(でんしゃ)is the ordinary electric train: the commuter line, the local line and, in daily talk, even the subway. Nouns do not change form and have no plural, gender or article: 電車 is ‘a train’, ‘the train’ and ‘trains’; the copula does the rest (電車です, 電車でした, 電車じゃありません).
Particles and verbs
- 電車に乗る(のる)— get on / take the train; 電車を降りる(おりる)— get off the train.
- 電車で行く — go by train (the means takes で).
- 電車が来る・遅れる・止まる — the train comes / is late / stops.
- 電車に乗り遅れる(のりおくれる)— miss the train; 電車を待つ — wait for the train.
Compounds and neighbours
終電(しゅうでん)last train, 満員電車(まんいんでんしゃ)packed train, 電車賃(でんしゃちん)fare. 列車(れっしゃ)is the formal or long-distance train on timetables, 新幹線(しんかんせん)the bullet train, 地下鉄(ちかてつ)the subway, 路面電車(ろめんでんしゃ)the tram. Trains as services are counted with 本: 一本後の電車(いっぽんあとのでんしゃ)‘the train after this one’.
Examples
- 毎朝七時の電車に乗ります。(まいあさ しちじ の でんしゃ に のります)— I take the seven o’clock train every morning.
- 電車で学校に行きます。(でんしゃ で がっこう に いきます)— I go to school by train.
- 次の駅で電車を降りてください。(つぎ の えき で でんしゃ を おりて ください)— Please get off the train at the next station.
- 電車が遅れて、会議に遅れました。(でんしゃ が おくれて、かいぎ に おくれました)— The train was late, so I was late for the meeting.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- Spanish ‘tomar el tren’, French ‘prendre le train’ and English ‘take the train’ have a direct object, so learners write
電車を乗ります. 乗る aims at what you board and takes に:電車に乗ります. Getting off is電車を降ります: the vehicle you leave takes を (から is also heard, but を is the textbook default), even though Spanish says ‘bajar del tren’. - ‘Ir en tren’, ‘aller en train’ and ‘go by train’ name a means, and the means takes で:
電車で行きます.電車に行きますwould make the train your destination, as if you were walking over to it. - 車 alone is くるま, a car; adding 電 (electric) gives 電車, the train. Spanish ‘tren’ and French ‘train’ cover everything on rails, but Japanese splits them: 電車 for the everyday commuter train, 列車 (れっしゃ) on timetables and for long-distance trains, 新幹線 for the bullet train, 地下鉄 for the subway, though people say 電車 for the metro in daily talk.
Common mistakes
- Spanish ‘tomar el tren’, French ‘prendre le train’ and English ‘take the train’ have a direct object, so learners write 電車を乗ります. 乗る aims at what you board and takes に: 電車に乗ります. Getting off is 電車を降ります: the vehicle you leave takes を (から is also heard, but を is the textbook default), even though Spanish says ‘bajar del tren’.
- ‘Ir en tren’, ‘aller en train’ and ‘go by train’ name a means, and the means takes で: 電車で行きます. 電車に行きます would make the train your destination, as if you were walking over to it.
- 車 alone is くるま, a car; adding 電 (electric) gives 電車, the train. Spanish ‘tren’ and French ‘train’ cover everything on rails, but Japanese splits them: 電車 for the everyday commuter train, 列車 (れっしゃ) on timetables and for long-distance trains, 新幹線 for the bullet train, 地下鉄 for the subway, though people say 電車 for the metro in daily talk.
Examples
I take the seven o’clock train every morning.
I go to school by train.
Please get off the train at the next station.
The train was late, so I was late for the meeting.
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