明日
あした
Tomorrow; the ‘mañana’ that is a day, never a morning
Usage
明日 is the day after today. Three readings share the kanji: あした in everyday speech, あす in news, weather forecasts and slightly careful speech, and みょうにち in stiff business Japanese. Learn あした first. Like other relative time words it stands alone as an adverb with no に (明日行きます), takes は as a topic (明日は休みです) and の before a noun (明日の朝, 明日の会議).
Boundaries: 明日まで ‘until tomorrow’, 明日までに ‘by tomorrow’, 明日から ‘from tomorrow’. Neighbours: 明後日 (あさって) ‘the day after tomorrow’, 今日 (きょう), 昨日 (きのう). Japanese has no future tense: the same 行きます serves for ‘I go’ and ‘I will go’, and 明日 supplies the time.
Examples
- 明日は休みです。(あした は やすみ です)— Tomorrow is a day off.
- 明日の朝八時に学校へ行きます。(あした の あさ はちじ に がっこう へ いきます)— Tomorrow morning I go to school at eight.
- 明日また来ます。(あした また きます)— I’ll come again tomorrow.
- 明日までにレポートを書きます。(あした まで に レポート を かきます)— I’ll write the report by tomorrow.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- Spanish ‘mañana’ means both ‘tomorrow’ and ‘morning’; Japanese splits them. 明日 (あした) is only the next day; the morning is 朝 (あさ). ‘Mañana por la mañana’ = 明日の朝, ‘esta mañana’ = 今朝 (けさ). Saying 明日 when you mean this morning is a classic slip.
- ‘By tomorrow’ is 明日までに, not 明日まで alone: 明日まで働きます means you keep working until tomorrow, 明日までに出します means the deadline is tomorrow. French ‘d’ici demain’ and Spanish ‘para mañana’ both map onto までに.
- Do not hunt for a future tense: 明日行きます uses the same non-past 行きます as 毎日行きます, exactly like ‘mañana voy’ instead of ‘iré’. Adding でしょう to a plain plan (明日行くでしょう) turns it into a guess, as in a weather forecast.
Common mistakes
- Spanish ‘mañana’ means both ‘tomorrow’ and ‘morning’; Japanese splits them. 明日 (あした) is only the next day; the morning is 朝 (あさ). ‘Mañana por la mañana’ = 明日の朝, ‘esta mañana’ = 今朝 (けさ). Saying 明日 when you mean this morning is a classic slip.
- ‘By tomorrow’ is 明日までに, not 明日まで alone: 明日まで働きます means you keep working until tomorrow, 明日までに出します means the deadline is tomorrow. French ‘d’ici demain’ and Spanish ‘para mañana’ both map onto までに.
- Do not hunt for a future tense: 明日行きます uses the same non-past 行きます as 毎日行きます, exactly like ‘mañana voy’ instead of ‘iré’. Adding でしょう to a plain plan (明日行くでしょう) turns it into a guess, as in a weather forecast.
Examples
Tomorrow is a day off.
Tomorrow morning I go to school at eight.
I’ll come again tomorrow.
I’ll write the report by tomorrow.
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