急に
きゅうに
Suddenly; 急な = sudden/steep, 急いで = in a hurry
Usage
急に (きゅうに) is the adverbial に-form of the na-adjective 急 (sudden, urgent, steep). It goes before a verb of change or onset: 急に雨が降ってきた, 急に寒くなる, 急に止まる, 急に用事ができる. The adjective covers several ideas that Spanish and French separate: 急な用事 (a sudden or urgent errand), 急な坂 (a steep slope), 急な話 (short notice), 急ブレーキ (emergency braking).
Near-synonyms: 突然 (とつぜん) is more formal or written, いきなり is casual and often about someone acting without warning. The same kanji gives the verb 急ぐ (いそぐ, hurry), its て-form 急いで (in a hurry) and 急行 (きゅうこう, express train).
Examples
- 急に雨が降ってきました。 きゅうに あめ が ふって きました。 It suddenly started raining.
- 急に用事ができて、行けなくなりました。 きゅうに ようじ が できて、 いけなく なりました。 Something came up suddenly and now I cannot go.
- 電車が急に止まって、びっくりしました。 でんしゃ が きゅうに とまって、 びっくり しました。 The train stopped suddenly and I was startled.
- 先週から急に寒くなりましたね。 せんしゅう から きゅうに さむく なりました ね。 It has turned cold all of a sudden since last week.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- 急に ≠ 急いで. Same kanji, different words. 急に食べた = ‘de repente se puso a comer’; 急いで食べた = ‘comió deprisa’. ‘Comí rápido’ is 急いで食べた or 速く食べた, never 急に食べた. The に-form marks suddenness, the て-form of 急ぐ marks hurry.
- Latin American ‘de repente’ can mean ‘a lo mejor’. In Peru, Argentina and elsewhere, ‘de repente viene mañana’ means ‘maybe he comes tomorrow’. 急に never carries that: ‘maybe’ is たぶん or もしかしたら. 急に来る only means ‘he shows up out of the blue’.
- 急 does not mean only ‘urgent’. Learners who know 急ぐ read 急な坂 as ‘urgent slope’; it is ‘pente raide’, a steep slope. And 急な話ですが is the standard opener for ‘this is short notice, but…’.
- Long vowel. 急に is きゅうに, two beats on きゅう. Clipped きゅに is not a word. Keep the same long vowel in 急行 (きゅうこう, express train) and 急用 (きゅうよう, urgent business); Spanish speakers, who have no vowel length, tend to shorten all three.
Common mistakes
- 急に (de repente) is not 急いで (deprisa): 'comí rápido' is 急いで食べた, never 急に食べた.
- Latin American 'de repente' = 'a lo mejor' has no match in 急に; 'maybe' is たぶん/もしかしたら.
- 急な坂 is a steep slope and 急な話 is short notice; 急 is not only 'urgent'. Reading きゅうに, long vowel.
Examples
It suddenly started raining.
Something came up suddenly and now I cannot go.
The train stopped suddenly and I was startled.
It has turned cold all of a sudden since last week.
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