育てる
そだてる
To raise children, grow plants, develop people
Usage
育てる (そだてる) is an ichidan verb. て-form 育てて, past 育てた, negative 育てない, polite 育てます, potential 育てられる. It is transitive and takes を: 子供を育てる (raise children), 野菜を育てる (grow vegetables), 犬を育てる (rear a dog), 社員を育てる (develop staff). Its intransitive partner is the godan verb 育つ (そだつ: 育って, 育った, 育たない): 子供が育つ (children grow up), 木が育つ, 田舎で育った (I grew up in the countryside).
The noun 子育て (こそだて) is child-rearing, and 育児 (いくじ) is the formal term. 育てる is care over time, not schooling: teaching is 教える, formal education is 教育する (きょういくする), and giving birth is 産む (うむ).
Examples
- 母は一人で三人の子供を育てました。 はは は ひとり で さんにん の こども を そだてました。 — My mother raised three children on her own.
- ベランダでトマトを育てています。 ベランダ で トマト を そだてて います。 — I am growing tomatoes on the balcony.
- 会社は若い社員を育てなければなりません。 かいしゃ は わかい しゃいん を そだてなければ なりません。 — Companies must develop their young employees.
- 私は田舎で育ちました。 わたし は いなか で そだちました。 — I grew up in the countryside.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- English 'grow' is both transitive and intransitive ('I grow tomatoes' / 'tomatoes grow'), so learners say トマトが育てる. The plant grows with 育つ (トマトが育つ); the gardener grows it with 育てる (トマトを育てる). Spanish keeps them apart: crecer versus cultivar or criar.
- 育てる covers Spanish 'criar' (children, animals) and 'cultivar' (plants) at once, but not 'educar'. 子供を教育する is formal schooling; 子供を育てる is raising them. And 'me crié en Madrid' / 'I grew up in Madrid' is マドリードで育ちました with the intransitive partner, never 育てました.
- Spanish 'criarse' is reflexive and French uses a true passive ('j'ai été élevé à la campagne'), which pushes learners toward the passive 育てられる for 'I was raised in the countryside'. 田舎で育てられました is grammatical but stresses that someone raised you there; the neutral statement is 田舎で育ちました.
Common mistakes
- English 'grow' is both transitive and intransitive ('I grow tomatoes' / 'tomatoes grow'), so learners say トマトが育てる. The plant grows with 育つ (トマトが育つ); the gardener grows it with 育てる (トマトを育てる). Spanish keeps them apart: crecer versus cultivar or criar.
- 育てる covers Spanish 'criar' (children, animals) and 'cultivar' (plants) at once, but not 'educar'. 子供を教育する is formal schooling; 子供を育てる is raising them. And 'me crié en Madrid' / 'I grew up in Madrid' is マドリードで育ちました with the intransitive partner, never 育てました.
- Spanish 'criarse' is reflexive and French uses a true passive ('j'ai été élevé à la campagne'), which pushes learners toward the passive 育てられる for 'I was raised in the countryside'. 田舎で育てられました is grammatical but stresses that someone raised you there; the neutral statement is 田舎で育ちました.
Examples
My mother raised three children on her own.
I am growing tomatoes on the balcony.
Companies must develop their young employees.
I grew up in the countryside.
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