約束
やくそく
Promise or arrangement with a person; bookings are 予約
Usage
約束 (やくそく) is a noun and a する verb covering two things Spanish and French keep apart: a promise and an arrangement to meet someone. The partner takes と: 友達と約束する. The content is a plain-form clause plus と (手伝うと約束した, I promised to help) or a verb phrase + 約束をする (映画を見に行く約束をした). Key sets: 約束がある (I have plans), 約束を守る (まもる, keep), 約束を破る (やぶる, break), 約束の時間 / 場所 (the agreed time / place), 約束どおり (as agreed).
Keep it apart from 予約 (よやく), a booking with a business (restaurant, hotel, dentist), and from 予定 (a plan on your own calendar). 約束 always involves another person's word.
Examples
- 友達と映画を見に行く約束をしました。 ともだち と えいが を み に いく やくそく を しました。 I made plans with a friend to go and see a movie.
- 今日は約束があるので、早く帰ります。 きょう は やくそく が ある ので、 はやく かえります。 I have plans today, so I'm going home early.
- 約束は必ず守ってください。 やくそく は かならず まもって ください。 Please be sure to keep your promises.
- 彼は約束の時間に来ませんでした。 かれ は やくそく の じかん に きませんでした。 He didn't come at the agreed time.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- cita / rendez-vous / appointment split in Japanese. With a person it is 約束; with a restaurant, hotel, doctor or hairdresser it is 予約 (よやく). ‘Tengo cita con el médico’ is 病院の予約があります; 医者と約束があります sounds like you and the doctor are meeting for coffee.
- compromiso ≠ 約束 when it means engagement. ‘Están comprometidos’ is 婚約している (こんやく), not 約束している. But ‘tengo un compromiso’ as an excuse is exactly 約束があります, the standard reason for leaving early.
- The promise is quoted with と. ‘Prometí llamar’ is 電話すると約束した: plain-form clause + と, the same と as in 〜と思う. Learners transfer the infinitive and produce 電話するを約束した, which is ungrammatical.
- Sound. The く of やくそく sits between voiceless consonants and is devoiced, so the word sounds like ‘yak-sok’; giving every vowel full weight (ya-ku-so-ku), as French and Spanish speakers tend to, sounds stilted.
Common mistakes
- cita/rendez-vous with a person is 約束; with a restaurant, doctor or hotel it is 予約 (よやく): 病院の予約, never 医者と約束.
- compromiso as engagement is 婚約 (こんやく), not 約束; 約束があります is the standard excuse for leaving early.
- The promise is a plain clause + と: 電話すると約束した, never 電話するを約束した.
Examples
I made plans with a friend to go and see a movie.
I have plans today, so I'm going home early.
Please be sure to keep your promises.
He didn't come at the agreed time.
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