都合
つごう
Whether a time suits you: 都合がいい/悪い; not 便利
Usage
都合 (つごう) is a noun for how your circumstances line up with a proposed time or plan: whether it suits you. It almost always appears as the subject of an adjective with が: 都合がいい (it works for me), 都合が悪い (it doesn't work for me), 都合が合う (our schedules match), 都合がつく (I can make it work). The transitive version is 都合をつける (to arrange one's schedule). Before a noun: 都合のいい日 / 時間 (a day or time that suits). For the listener's schedule use ご都合: ご都合はいかがですか.
The formal notice 都合により (owing to circumstances) closes shops and cancels events without giving a reason: 都合により休業します. Two derived meanings are worth knowing: 都合のいい人 is someone others take advantage of (‘convenient’ for them), and 都合よく means ‘conveniently’, often ironic. Note the reading: 都 is と in 京都 and 東京都 but つ in 都合.
Examples
- 明日の午後は都合が悪いです。 あした の ごご は つごう が わるい です。 Tomorrow afternoon doesn't work for me.
- ご都合のいい日を教えてください。 ごつごう の いい ひ を おしえて ください。 Please tell me a day that suits you.
- 都合により、来週の会議は水曜日に変わりました。 つごう により、 らいしゅう の かいぎ は すいようび に かわりました。 Owing to circumstances, next week's meeting has moved to Wednesday.
- 金曜日なら都合がつきます。 きんようび なら つごう が つきます。 If it's Friday, I can make it work.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- conveniente / convenient / pratique are not 便利. 便利 describes objects, tools and places (便利な店, 便利なアプリ). Whether a time suits a person is 都合: ‘¿Te viene bien el lunes?’ is 月曜日は都合がいいですか. 月曜日は便利ですか sounds as if Monday were a handy gadget.
- 都合が悪い is a complete answer. In Spanish or French you would add the reason (‘tengo un compromiso’). In Japanese ちょっと都合が悪くて… is the reason, and asking どうして都合が悪いんですか is intrusive. The same vagueness is expected of you when you decline.
- ご都合 is for other people. ご都合のいい日 asks about the listener; 私のご都合 is the same mistake as 私のご家族, like using usted for yourself.
- Reading and sound. 都 reads つ here, not と (京都 きょうと, 都会 とかい); and ごう is long: つごう, never つご.
Common mistakes
- conveniente/convenient/pratique is 便利 only for things and places; whether a time suits you is 都合: 月曜日は都合がいいですか, never 月曜日は便利ですか.
- 都合が悪い is a full polite refusal; Spanish and French add a reason, Japanese does not, and asking why is intrusive.
- ご都合 is for the listener's schedule only; 私のご都合 is like using usted for yourself. Reading: 都 is つ here, not と.
Examples
Tomorrow afternoon doesn't work for me.
Please tell me a day that suits you.
Owing to circumstances, next week's meeting has moved to Wednesday.
If it's Friday, I can make it work.
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