習慣
しゅうかん
Habit or custom; homophone of 週間 (week); quirks are 癖
Usage
習慣 (しゅうかん) is a noun for a habit you have built or a custom a society keeps. Personal: 〜する習慣がある (I am in the habit of…, with the plain verb in front), 習慣になる (become a habit), 習慣をつける (form a habit), 習慣を変える / やめる, 生活習慣 (せいかつしゅうかん, lifestyle habits), 食習慣 (しょくしゅうかん, eating habits). Social: 日本の習慣 (Japanese customs), 習慣が違う (customs differ). Formal neighbours: 風習 (ふうしゅう, folk custom), 慣習 (かんしゅう, established practice).
Its kanji show the meaning: 習 (learn, as in 習う ならう) + 慣 (get used to, as in 慣れる なれる): a habit is something learned until it feels natural.
Examples
- 毎朝六時に起きる習慣があります。 まいあさ ろくじ に おきる しゅうかん が あります。 I'm in the habit of getting up at six every morning.
- 家に入る前に靴を脱ぐのは日本の習慣です。 いえ に はいる まえ に くつ を ぬぐ の は にほん の しゅうかん です。 Taking your shoes off before entering the house is a Japanese custom.
- 毎日日記を書くことが習慣になりました。 まいにち にっき を かく こと が しゅうかん に なりました。 Writing a diary every day has become a habit.
- 早寝早起きの習慣をつけたいです。 はやね はやおき の しゅうかん を つけたい です。 I want to get into the habit of going to bed and getting up early.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- Homophone with 週間 (week). しゅうかん is both 習慣 and 週間: 三週間 is three weeks. When you hear a number in front, it is a week; a habit is never counted with 週間. The kanji look nothing alike, so reading is safe; listening is the trap.
- costumbre / habitude splits into 習慣 and 癖. A conscious routine or a cultural custom is 習慣; an unconscious quirk or bad personal habit is 癖 (くせ): 爪を噛む癖 (biting your nails), 口癖 (くちぐせ, a verbal tic). ‘Tengo la mala costumbre de llegar tarde’ is 遅刻する癖がある.
- acostumbrarse is 慣れる, not 習慣になる. ‘Ya me acostumbré al frío’ is 寒さに慣れました (person + に + 慣れる). 習慣になる is said of the activity: 毎日走ることが習慣になった (running became a habit).
- Two long vowels. しゅう + かん. Clipping to しゅかん gives 主観 (subjectivity), a different word.
Common mistakes
- しゅうかん is also 週間 (week): 三週間 is three weeks; a number in front means week, not habit.
- costumbre/habitude: conscious routines and cultural customs are 習慣, unconscious quirks are 癖 (くせ): 爪を噛む癖, 遅刻する癖.
- acostumbrarse a = 〜に慣れる (寒さに慣れた); 習慣になる is said of the activity, not the person.
Examples
I'm in the habit of getting up at six every morning.
Taking your shoes off before entering the house is a Japanese custom.
Writing a diary every day has become a habit.
I want to get into the habit of going to bed and getting up early.
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