比べる
くらべる
To compare; ~に比べて = compared with
Usage
比べる (くらべる) is an ichidan verb. て-form 比べて, past 比べた, negative 比べない, polite 比べます, potential 比べられる. The items compared take を joined by と (AとBを比べる), or one takes を and the other と (AをBと比べる). The fixed phrases ~に比べて and ~と比べると both mean 'compared with' and open a sentence: 去年に比べて暑い, 東京と比べると静かだ.
Everyday comparisons do not need the verb at all (AはBより大きい); 比べる appears when comparing is the action itself. 比較する (ひかくする) is its formal suru-verb synonym for essays and reports. Compounds on the ます-stem: 見比べる (みくらべる, compare by looking), 食べ比べる (taste-test). Note the reading: kun'yomi くらべる here, on'yomi ひ in 比較.
Examples
- 二つの商品の値段を比べてから買います。 ふたつ の しょうひん の ねだん を くらべて から かいます。 — I compare the prices of the two products before buying.
- 去年に比べて、今年は暑いです。 きょねん に くらべて、ことし は あつい です。 — Compared with last year, this year is hot.
- 兄と比べないでください。 あに と くらべない で ください。 — Please do not compare me with my older brother.
- 東京と比べると、この町は静かです。 とうきょう と くらべる と、この まち は しずか です。 — Compared with Tokyo, this town is quiet.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- Spanish 'A es más grande que B' and French 'A est plus grand que B' contain no verb 'compare', and neither does Japanese: AはBより大きい. Learners who have just met 比べる bolt it on (AとBを比べて、Aのほうが大きい), which is wordy and sounds like a lab report. Use 比べる only when comparing is the action itself.
- 'Comparado con el año pasado' is 去年に比べて or 去年と比べると; the two are interchangeable here, but learners often produce 去年を比べて, treating the reference point as the object. What you compare takes を; the standard you compare it against takes に or と.
- The kanji 比 is read ひ in 比較 (ひかく), so learners who meet 比較する first read 比べる as ひべる. The verb uses the kun reading くらべる; 比較する is the formal synonym.
Common mistakes
- Spanish 'A es más grande que B' and French 'A est plus grand que B' contain no verb 'compare', and neither does Japanese: AはBより大きい. Learners who have just met 比べる bolt it on (AとBを比べて、Aのほうが大きい), which is wordy and sounds like a lab report. Use 比べる only when comparing is the action itself.
- 'Comparado con el año pasado' is 去年に比べて or 去年と比べると; the two are interchangeable here, but learners often produce 去年を比べて, treating the reference point as the object. What you compare takes を; the standard you compare it against takes に or と.
- The kanji 比 is read ひ in 比較 (ひかく), so learners who meet 比較する first read 比べる as ひべる. The verb uses the kun reading くらべる; 比較する is the formal synonym.
Examples
I compare the prices of the two products before buying.
Compared with last year, this year is hot.
Please do not compare me with my older brother.
Compared with Tokyo, this town is quiet.
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