頼む
たのむ
To ask a favour or order; person に, thing を
Usage
頼む (たのむ) is a godan verb ending in む: て-form 頼んで, past 頼んだ, negative 頼まない, potential 頼める. The person you ask takes に and the thing or favour takes を (友達に手伝いを頼む). To ask someone to do something use 〜ように頼む or 〜てくれるように頼む (書いてくれるように頼んだ), or quote the request with と: 手伝ってほしいと頼んだ. In a restaurant 頼む means to order (ビールを頼む), like 注文する. Alone, 頼む! is a casual plea ('please, I am counting on you'), and よろしく頼む / 頼みます is 'I am counting on you' (from a superior or between equals; the humble form is よろしくお願いします). Related: 頼る (たよる, rely on), お願いする (the polite request), 依頼 (いらい, formal request).
Examples
- 友達に引っ越しの手伝いを頼みました。 ともだち に ひっこし の てつだい を たのみました。 — I asked a friend to help me move.
- 先生に推薦状を書いてくれるように頼んだ。 せんせい に すいせんじょう を かいて くれる ように たのんだ。 — I asked my teacher to write me a recommendation letter.
- 何か頼みましたか。ビールを二つ頼みました。 なにか たのみました か。 ビール を ふたつ たのみました。 — Did you order something? I ordered two beers.
- 頼む、今日だけ手伝って! たのむ、 きょう だけ てつだって! — Please, just help me today!
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- English 'ask' and French 'demander' cover both asking for a favour and asking a question; Japanese splits them exactly as Spanish does with pedir / preguntar. 頼む is asking someone to do or give something (pedir); asking a question is 聞く / 質問する (preguntar). 先生に頼む = ask the teacher a favour; 先生に聞く = ask the teacher a question.
- The person asked takes に, not を: 友達に頼む. English 'ask a friend' (direct object) produces 友達を頼む, which does not mean 'ask a friend': it reads as 'send for / count on a friend' (医者を頼む = call a doctor).
- 'Asked him to come' is 来るように頼んだ / 来てくれるように頼んだ, not 来ることを頼んだ. The infinitive of 'pedirle que venga' / 'ask him to come' becomes ように, not a nominalised verb.
Common mistakes
- English 'ask' and French 'demander' cover both a favour and a question; Japanese splits them like Spanish pedir / preguntar: 頼む is asking someone to do or give something (pedir), while asking a question is 聞く or 質問する (preguntar).
- The person asked takes に (友達に頼む), never を; English 'ask a friend' produces 友達を頼む, which means 'send for / count on a friend' (医者を頼む = call a doctor), not 'ask a friend a favour'.
- 'Ask him to come' is 来るように頼む or 来てくれるように頼む, not 来ることを頼む: the request content takes ように, not a nominalised verb.
Examples
I asked a friend to help me move.
I asked my teacher to write me a recommendation letter.
Did you order something? I ordered two beers.
Please, just help me today!
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