~ましょう・~ましょうか
ましょう
Let's do…; shall I / shall we do…?
Verb ます-stem + ましょう → let's…
Verb ます-stem + ましょうか → shall I… / shall we…?
食べます → 食べましょう / 行きます → 行きましょう / します → しましょう / 来ます → 来ましょう(きましょう)
Casual: plain volitional ~よう/~おう (食べよう、行こう)
How it works
~ましょう is the polite volitional form. Take the ます-stem and add ましょう: 食べます → 食べましょう, 行きます → 行きましょう, します → しましょう, 来ます → 来ましょう(きましょう). It does two jobs:
- Proposal (let's…): the speaker includes the listener and assumes agreement. 帰りましょう。— Let's go home.
- Answer to an invitation: after ~ませんか the natural yes is ~ましょう. 一緒に食べませんか。— ええ、食べましょう。
Add か and the decision passes to the listener:
- Offer (shall I…?): the action is the speaker's own. 手伝いましょうか。— Shall I help?
- Suggestion (shall we…?): the action is shared. 何時に会いましょうか。— What time shall we meet?
Whether ましょうか means I or we comes from context, not from the form: 持ちましょうか (your bag — I) versus 行きましょうか (together — we). French On y va ? maps neatly onto 行きましょうか. The casual equivalent is the plain volitional ~よう/~おう: 食べよう, 行こう.
Examples
- 一緒に昼ご飯を食べましょう。(いっしょ に ひるごはん を たべましょう)— Let's have lunch together.
- 手伝いましょうか。(てつだいましょうか)— Shall I help you?
- 何時に会いましょうか。(なんじ に あいましょうか)— What time shall we meet?
- 明日、駅で会いましょう。(あした、えき で あいましょう)— Let's meet at the station tomorrow.
- 窓を開けましょうか。(まど を あけましょうか)— Shall I open the window?
- じゃあ、始めましょう。(じゃあ、はじめましょう)— Well then, let's begin.
Compare with
- ~ませんか — the softer invitation: 食べませんか asks whether the other person is willing; 食べましょう assumes they are. Use ませんか with people you do not know well, ましょう with friends and colleagues and as the reply.
- ~ましょうか vs ~ませんか — 行きましょうか already proposes a concrete plan and asks for a green light; 行きませんか leaves the door wider open.
- ~てください — a request that the listener act alone. 手伝ってください (please help me) and 手伝いましょうか (shall I help you) point in opposite directions.
Traps for Spanish, English and French speakers
- Spanish vamos a comer and French on va manger are both plain future and proposal; ましょう only makes proposals. “I'm going to eat now” is 今から食べます, while 今から食べましょう means “let's eat now”.
- Spanish ¿Quieres que te ayude? and French Tu veux que je t'aide ? push learners into ×手伝いたいですか, which actually asks whether the listener wants to help, and any ~たいですか aimed at a superior probes their wishes and sounds intrusive. Offer with 手伝いましょうか.
- English speakers hear ましょうか only as “shall we”. 荷物を持ちましょうか is “shall I carry your bags” — the subject is decided by context, and adding 私たちは would turn the offer into a group plan.
- Answering 一緒に食べませんか with a flat はい、食べます sounds like reporting a fact. The natural yes echoes the invitation: ええ、食べましょう.
Common mistakes
- Spanish vamos a comer and French on va manger are both plain future and proposal, but ましょう only makes proposals. “I'm going to eat now” is 今から食べます; 今から食べましょう means “let's eat now”.
- Spanish ¿Quieres que te ayude? and French Tu veux que je t'aide ? push learners into ×手伝いたいですか, which actually asks whether the listener wants to help, and ~たいですか aimed at a superior sounds intrusive anyway. Offer with 手伝いましょうか.
- English speakers hear ましょうか only as “shall we”; 荷物を持ちましょうか is “shall I carry your bags”. The subject comes from context, not from the form.
- Answering 一緒に食べませんか with a flat はい、食べます sounds like stating a fact. The natural yes echoes the invitation: ええ、食べましょう.
Examples
Let's have lunch together.
Shall I help you?
What time shall we meet?
Let's meet at the station tomorrow.
Shall I open the window?
Well then, let's begin.
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